鏂墭鍏嬫腐涓誨竻鏄5宀佺殑瀹夎開路鍩哄皵綰籌紝99騫村紑濮嬫媴浠繪柉鎵樺厠娓富鏁欑粌錛屾鍓嶆病鏈変換浣曞悕姘斻傛湰鍦烘瘮璧涘熀灝旂撼涔熸槸璇曞浘鎵-3-2闃靛錛1宀佸▉灝斿＋闂ㄥ皢鏉幝風惣鏂紝31宀佸乏鍚庡崼灝氭仼路灝肩灝旀．銆2宀佸墠闃挎．綰抽潚璁嚭韜腑鍗郊寰椔峰厠鎷夊厠銆2宀佷腑鍗繄鍏嬄峰紬鏋椼8宀佸彸鍚庡崼灝忓皢緗椾集鐗孤峰厠闆楓佺鍊熻嚜甯冭幈鍏嬫湰鐨勫墠鍒╁吂鑱2宀佸彸鍚庡崼鑰佸皢瑗胯挋路鏍奸浄媯紝29宀佽姮鍏板悗鑵板姞灝旂路緇存柉銆5宀佷腑鍦洪樋閲屄峰熀姣斻佸墠寰鋒瘮閮6宀佷腑鍦哄嚡鏂嚶峰簱鐝錛2宀佸墠閿嬪皬灝嗛樋闅喡峰▉灝斿竷鎷夋眽濮嗐5宀佽姮鍏板墠閿嬭阿鍩郝峰簱鍩恒侟br>鏂墭鍏嬫腐榪樻槸鏈夋兂娉曠殑錛屼絾鏄潰瀵圭儹鍒猴紝鍝曟槸闈掑勾闃燂紝浠栦滑鐨勫疄鍔涘樊璺濊繕鏄緢鏄庢樉鐨勩傚紑鍦轟粎浠鍒嗛挓錛岀儹鍒哄氨鍙栧緱浜嗚繘鐞冿紒鍩冩墭濂ョ獊鐮村埗閫犺鐞冿紝鍗″崱鎶婄悆閫佸叆紱佸尯錛岀淮榪楂橀珮璺冭搗澶存鐮撮棬錛0錛佷笉榪囧ソ鏅笉闀匡紝絎6鍒嗛挓錛屽掗湁鐨勬澃綰蟲柉璇曞浘甯︾悆紿佺牬緇存柉緇撴灉琚悗鑰呮斁鍊掑彈浼わ紝絀嗛噷灝煎ゥ鍙兘鐢ㄦ湸鏅烘槦灝嗗叾鎹笅銆侟br>榪欎釜鎹漢铏界劧鏄鍔ㄧ殑錛屼絾鏄篃鏈夊ソ緇撴灉錛岀30鍒嗛挓錛屽崱鍗′腑璺獊鍑伙紝闈1緇存柉鐨勬嫤鎴紝鍗″崱鐏靛閥鍦版妸鐞冩崊緇欏姬欏剁殑璐濆皵宸存墭澶傚悗鑰呰鍏嬫媺鍏嬫嫤鎴棤娉曡漿韜紝绱2ф妸鐞冨線宸︿晶涓閫侊紝闃垮痙閲屼簹璇鴻窡涓婄洿鎺ョ垎灝勶紒鐨悆琚紬鏋楀鍔涙尅鍑猴紝璺熶笂鐨勬湸鏅烘槦蹇涓婂墠錛岃繋鐞冧竴鑴氭妸鐞冮佸叆鐞冮棬宸︿晶錛0錛br>絎4鍒嗛挓錛岀儹鍒哄熀鏈攣瀹氳儨灞錛屽崱鍗″啀嬈″垎鐞冨埌閿嬬嚎錛岄樋寰烽噷浜氳棰嗙悆鍚庡乏鑴氭掑皠錛岄棬灝嗙惣鏂媺寮烘妸鐞冩尅鍑猴紝鍩冩墭濂ョ涓鏃墮棿璺熶笂璇曞浘琛ュ皠錛屽紬鏋楁儏鎬ヤ箣涓嬫姠鍏堜幾鑴氾紝鍗存妸鐞冮佸叆鑷澶ч棬錛0錛佺﹩閲屽凹濂ョ敋鑷蟲噿寰楀啀澶氱瓑錛岀洿鎺ュ洖鏇磋。瀹ゅ幓浜嗭紝鍦ㄤ粬鐪嬫潵錛屾鏃犳?zhèn)奎c侟br>涓嬪崐鍦烘槗杈瑰啀鎴橈紝絎0鍒嗛挓錛岀儹鍒哄張榪涚悆浜嗭紝榪欎竴嬈＄牬闂ㄧ殑榪樻槸鏈存櫤鏄燂紒鍗″崱甯︾悆鎺ㄨ繘鍐嶆鎶婄悆鍒嗙粰璐濆皵宸存墭澶紝鍚庤呰繖涓嬈c病鑳藉垎鐞冿紝鐨悆琚厠鎷夊厠濂嬪姏鎹呮帀錛岀淮鏂緱鐞冭漿韜紝娌c兂鍒拌鏈存櫤鏄熻窡涓婃妸鐞冨姭璧幫紝鎺ョ潃闊╁浗浜鴻娌c湁浼犵悆璺嚎錛屽共鑴嗚嚜宸卞張鏉ヤ簡涓璁版墦闂紝鐨悆浠庡紬鏋楄韓杈歸捇榪囷紝絳夌惣鏂湅鍒板啀鍋氭墤鏁戝凡緇忔櫄浜嗭紝40錛佹湸鏅烘槦鎴愪負紲炲鏇胯ˉ錛屼笂婕旀寮浜屽害錛br>涔嬪悗絎5鍒嗛挓錛屽厠鎷夊厠琚崲涓嬶紝鍩哄皵綰蟲淳鍑9宀佹懇媧涘摜鍚庤叞鍗￠噷濮喡峰紬鎷夐噾涓婂満鍔犲己涓満闃插畧錛屽張6鍒嗛挓錛屽熀鏈秷澶辯殑鍩烘瘮涔熻鎹笅錛屾淳鍑虹殑鏄1宀佸彸鍚庡崼鑲栨仼路搴風撼鍒┿傜﹩閲屽凹濂ヤ篃鎳掑緱綰犵紶錛岀67鍒嗛挓鎾や笅璐濆皵宸存墭澶紝媧句笂22宀佹棩鏈墠閿嬪皬閲庝幾浜屻傜82鍒嗛挓錛屽彟涓涓鏃犱綔涓虹殑涓満鍑枃路搴撶弨涔熻鍩哄皵綰蟲挙涓嬶紝22宀佽嫃鏍煎叞鍓嶉攱甯冭幈鎭┞峰崱閲屾牴鐧誨満銆傜﹩閲屽凹濂ラ殢鍚庢崲涓嬮樋寰烽噷浜氳錛屾淳涓婂崕澶忎腑鍦洪儜鎱э紝鏈緇堢儹鍒鴻交鏉懼湴浠0鏅嬬駭鍏己錛屼笅涓杞殑瀵規(guī)墜鎭版伆鏄タ姹夊鑱斻侟br>2鏈0鏃ワ紝嬈y啝絎簩闃舵灝忕粍璧涚4杞戶緇繘琛岋紝鏇艱仈涓誨満11鎴樺鉤鐡︿雞瑗夸簹錛屽悏鏍兼柉鍔╂敾瀹夎開路縐戝皵鐮撮棬鍙栧緱棰嗗厛錛岀劧鑰岀粓鍦哄墠錛岄煢鏂峰竷鏈楄嚜鎽嗕箤榫欒懍閫佸ソ灞銆傚笗綰寵緵綰崇鏂富鍦2涓嶆晫鏍兼媺鑼ㄩ鏆達紝鐜板湪絎灝忕粍涓紝鏇艱仈2鑳騫鍒嗙涓銆佺摝浼﹁タ浜鑳騫充笌2鑳璐熺殑鏍兼媺鑼ㄩ鏆村悓縐鍒嗐佸笗綰寵緵綰崇鏂騫璐熶粎浠鍒嗙鍥涖傜2灝忕粍涓紝宸撮粠鍦f棩灝旀浖鍐嶆涓巃c綾沖叞11鎴樺鉤錛屾媺縐戦瞾灝間簹鍒欎富鍦0澶嶄粐鍔犳媺濉旇惃闆鳳紝鐩墠鍔犳媺濉旇惃闆鑳騫璐鍒嗐乤c綾沖叞1鑳騫充笌鎷夌椴佸凹浜鑳璐熷悓縐鍒嗐佸反榛庡湥鏃ュ皵鏇騫璐鍒嗐侟br>2鏈1鏃ワ紝嬈y啝絎簩闃舵灝忕粍璧涚4杞紝鐑埡瀹1満鎸戞垬瀹夊痙鑾辮但鐗廣傚畨寰瘋幈璧壒鏄瘮鍒╂椂鐨勪紶緇熻豹闂ㄤ箣涓錛屼綅浜庨閮藉竷椴佸灝旓紝鎴愮珛浜908騫達紝姣斿埄鏃惰仈璧涗篃鏄渶鏃╁紑濮嬬殑鑱旇禌涔嬩竴錛屽湪1895騫村氨寮濮嬩簡錛屾墍浠ヤ竴寮濮嬪畨寰瘋幈璧壒騫舵病鏈夎繘鍏ユ渶楂樿仈璧涖備竴鐩村埌浜屾垬鍚庯紝瀹夊痙鑾辮但鐗規(guī)墠寮濮嬭蛋涓婂穮宄幫紝1947棣栨澶哄啝錛9-51瀹屾垚涓夎繛鍐犮4-56瀹屾垚涓夎繛鍐犮9鍜2鍚勪竴嬈″ず鍐狅紝鐒跺悗64-68涓婃紨浜旇繛鍐犮2銆4鍜1鍒嗗埆鐧婚《錛5-87絎笁嬈′笁榪炲啝錛1鍗曠嫭澶哄啝鍚庯紝93-95絎洓嬈′笁榪炲啝錛屾渶鍚000騫寸25嬈c崸璧鋒瘮鍒╂椂瓚呯駭鑱旇禌鍐犲啗銆傚彟澶栨瘮鍒╂椂鏉紝瀹夊痙鑾辮但鐗逛篃鍦5銆2-73銆5-76銆8-89鍜4鍏卞叓嬈￠棶榧庛傚彟澶栦粎浠呭湪98-00涓夊勾涓懼姙鐨勬瘮鍒╂椂鑱旇禌鏉紝瀹夊痙鑾辮但鐗逛篃鎷夸笅浜嗘渶鍚庝竴灞婄殑鍐犲啗銆傛瘮鍒╂椂瓚呯駭鏉篃鍦5銆7銆3銆5鍜0浜旀鑺辮惤瀹夊痙鑾辮但鐗廣侟br>瀹夊痙鑾辮但鐗瑰湪緇熸不姣斿埄鏃惰凍鍧涚殑鍚屾椂錛屼篃鏄瘮鍒╂椂瓚崇悆鍦ㄦ媧茶禌鍦轟笂鐨勫悕鐗囷紝1976騫達紝瀹夊痙鑾辮但鐗瑰嚮璐ヨタ姹夊鑱斿ず寰楁媧蹭紭鑳滆呮澂錛屾帴鐫鍔涘厠鎷滀粊鎱曞凹榛戝ず寰楁媧茶秴綰ф澂錛佷袱騫翠箣鍚庯紝瀹夊痙鑾辮但鐗瑰啀嬈c崸璧蜂紭鑳滆呮澂錛岃繖涓嬈″掑湪浠栦滑鑴氫笅鐨勬槸濂ュ湴鍒╃淮涔熺撼錛岀劧鍚庝粬浠啀鎺ュ啀鍘夋垬鑳滃埄鐗╂鄲錛岀浜屾鎷夸笅嬈ф床瓚呯駭鏉紒1983騫達紝瀹夊痙鑾辮但鐗規(guī)垬鑳滄湰鑿插崱澶哄緱嬈ф床鑱旂洘鏉紝嬈″勾鍐嶆鏉鍏ュ喅璧涳紝緇撴灉閬囧埌鎵樼壒綰沖鐑埡錛屾渶緇堢偣鐞冭觸鍖楁棤緙樺崼鍐曪紒鍙﹀褰撴椂鍗婂喅璧涢潰瀵硅涓佹眽媯灄錛屽畨寰瘋幈璧壒瀹為檯涓婃槸閫氳繃璐胯祩瑁佸垽鎵嶆潃鍏ュ喅璧涳紝鐩村埌1997騫存墠鏇濆厜銆侟br>姣旇禌鍦ㄥ畨寰瘋幈璧壒鐨勪富鍦烘槸鑼冪櫥鏂墭鍏嬬悆鍦猴紝鏄互涓誨腑鐨勫悕瀛楀懡鍚嶇殑錛岃岃繖鍚嶄富甯氨鏄984騫磋純璧傝鍒ら偅浣嶏紝鍏ㄥ悕鏄悍鏂潶路鑼冪櫥鏂墭鍏嬶紝1971騫翠笂鍙幫紝涓鐩村埌1996騫翠粬鎶婁勘涔愰儴浜ょ粰浜嗗効瀛愮綏鏉奧瘋寖鐧繪柉鎵樺厠錛岃涓鐩村埌2017騫達紝鑼冪櫥鏂墭鍏嬪鏃忔墠浼氱粨鏉熷瀹夊痙鑾辮但鐗歸暱杈6騫寸殑緇熸不銆侟br>娓╂牸鏈満姣旇禌媧句笂鐨勬槸錛氬竷鍐紝闃夸粈鍒┞風灝斻佽垂榪崡寰楓佽幈寰峰埄路閲戙佸崲鍏嬄鋒壃錛屾澃鎷夊痙銆佸唴寰風淮寰楓佸叞甯曞痙銆佸反鎷夊厠錛岀鍕掍笌浜ㄥ埄銆傚畨鐗瑰鏂帓鍑虹殑闃靛渚濇棫鏄細綾蟲礇鏉扮淮鍏嬶紝榪開鎭┿佸痙路鍗氬厠銆佷紛鍒╁銆佸厠鎷夋．錛岃寖寰鋒搗鏍箋佸反濉炲皵鍚夊ゥ銆佹柉鎵樹紛鍗°佸彜灝旓紝鎷夋觸鏂熀涓庨樋綰蟲柉濉旇タ涔屻侟br>瀵逛簬鐑埡鑳藉鎷垮嚭涓ゅ闃靛鏉ュ簲浠樿繖涔堥噸瑕佺殑姣旇禌錛屽畨鐗瑰鏂篃鏄墦蹇冮噷緹c厱錛屽緢蹇粬涓嶄粎鏄盡鎱曪紝鐢氳嚦鎰熷埌鎭愭栦簡錛佺13鍒嗛挓錛岀儹鍒哄氨鍙嶅涓轟富錛屽厛涓嬩竴鍩庯紒鎶1紑灞鐨勫畨寰瘋幈璧壒涓満浼犻掑彈闃伙紝鏂墭浼婂崱鎯寵寮虹獊鏉版媺寰風粨鏋滆鏂悆錛屾澃鎷夊痙闀夸紶錛岀鍕掕交鏉懼帇鐫鍗氬厠瀹屾垚澶寸悆鎽嗘浮錛屼酣鍒╀竴涓姝ュ氨闂紑鍏嬫媺鍏嬶紝鑾峰緱鍗曞垁鑹満錛岄潰瀵瑰嚭鍑葷殑綾蟲礇鏉扮淮濂囪交鏉炬墦榪滆鐮撮棬錛0錛br>钀藉悗鐨勫畨寰瘋幈璧壒鏈変簺鐫鎬ワ紝浠栦滑榪樻寚鏈涗富鍦哄浠囷紝浜庢槸涓涓姴鍘嬬潃鐑埡榪涙敾錛屼絾鏄湪鐑埡涓満鍥涗釜紜眽鐨勬嫤鎴笅錛岃繘鏀繪敮紱葷牬紕庯紝鎯寵瀛︾潃鐑埡闀夸紶鍙嶅嚮錛屽張閫捐秺涓嶄簡璐硅開鍗楀痙涓庤幈寰峰埄路閲戠殑鍙屽鎷︽埅銆傜儹鍒哄畨蹇冩墦璧蜂簡闃插畧鍙嶅嚮銆侟br>a